Topline
SpaceX begins trading on Friday following the largest initial public offering ever, setting the stage for Elon Musk to become the world’s first trillionaire after record-shattering demand for his aerospace firm.
Timeline
SpaceX will open trading on the Nasdaq on Friday under the ticker ‘SPCX.’
SpaceX executives will ring the Nasdaq’s opening bell in New York City, and the opening window is set for 9:50 a.m. EST, which should indicate when an opening price should appear, CNBC reported.
SpaceX may start trading earlier in the day if its bankers decide not to match the roughly 10% of shares sold before opening, the Wall Street Journal reported, and some of the largest IPOs last year took several hours to begin trading: CoreWeave, which raised $1.5 billion, opened trading just after 1 p.m. last year, while Figma opened trading just before 2 p.m. after its IPO raised $1.2 billion.
SpaceX finalized its IPO price at $135 per share, cementing it as the largest-ever initial public offering and the eighth-largest firm by valuation at $1.77 trillion, ahead of Saudi Aramco ($1.75 trillion) and Tesla ($1.49 trillion).
Retail investors have placed orders to purchase more than $100 billion in SpaceX shares ahead of its initial public offering on Friday, Bloomberg reported, citing people familiar with the matter.
BlackRock placed an order to purchase at least $5 billion in SpaceX shares, the Wall Street Journal reported earlier on Thursday, noting individual investors had requested more than $70 billion in shares.
That order on its own is nearly as much as the entire $5.5 billion AI chipmaker Cerebras raised in its IPO earlier this month—the largest of 2026 so far.
SpaceX will disclose its final IPO price on Thursday, setting the stage for its trading debut by Friday morning, though the company has reportedly told banks it would not budge from its $135-per-share price.
Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., in a 12-page letter to SEC Commissioner Paul Atkins, requested a delay in SpaceX’s IPO, citing broader concerns about the company’s valuation, governance structure and investor protections.
SpaceX’s projected IPO size should justify “careful SEC review,” Warren argued, adding regulators should investigate whether index funds or other financial entities are adequately protecting investors and whether SpaceX has provided enough information explaining its record-setting valuation, allowing investors to better judge if the stock is overpriced.
Warren argued SpaceX’s governance structure—Musk controls 85% of SpaceX’s shareholder voting power—gives Musk an “unprecedented level of power” over investors, who Warren said would have “significantly fewer rights than those traditionally offered to purchasers of public shares,” and that the company should disclose any risks related to its governance.
Some analysts have criticized Musk’s power over shareholders: Ann Lipton, a law professor at the University of Colorado, Boulder, told the Wall Street Journal that SpaceX is “essentially closing off every possible avenue for shareholders to have any influence at all.”
SpaceX’s IPO has drawn $250 billion in demand from investors, an oversubscription rate nearly four times its planned offering, Reuters reported, citing unnamed sources familiar with the matter.
In an SEC filing, SpaceX disclosed it aimed to sell about 555.6 million shares for $135 per share while raising $75 billion in its initial public offering, potentially valuing the company at a record $1.77 trillion.
The SEC publicly disclosed SpaceX’s IPO paperwork, known as an S-1 filing, detailing plans for the company to go public this year.
The company valued its addressable market, or the total amount of revenue it could make if it held all possible demand for the products or services it targets, at $28.5 trillion, including an $870 billion market for its broadband business, $740 billion for Starlink’s mobile unit, $600 billion for X’s digital advertising, $2.4 trillion for AI infrastructure and $22.7 trillion for enterprise applications.
SpaceX filed confidential paperwork with the SEC to go public, providing information about shareholder equity and finances to regulators.
when will spacex go public?
SpaceX will debut on Friday after setting its IPO price on Thursday.
where can traders invest in spacex’s ipo?
Allocated shares for retail investors will be made available through Charles Schwab, Fidelity, Robinhood, SoFi Technologies and Morgan Stanley’s E*Trade, SpaceX disclosed to the SEC. Fidelity lowered its $100,000 minimum for brokerage accounts required to access IPOs to just $2,000, expanding access for customers to invest in IPOs. The brokerage said customers can alert Fidelity to their interest in purchasing a minimum of 1 share, up to a maximum of 1 million shares. Schwab requires a brokerage account balance of at least $100,000 to invest in an IPO, and neither Robinhood, SoFi nor E*Trade states a minimum account balance is required.
spacex’s ipo may be overvalued, analysts warn
Morningstar analysts, in a note earlier this week, projected SpaceX to trade at $63 per share, roughly half of its intended price. The analysts argued SpaceX’s Starlink revenue could realistically hit $129 billion, not the combined $1.6 trillion SpaceX projected from Starlink’s mobile and broadband businesses, and that a disconnect between “hype and fundamentals” indicates traders should wait to invest after the initial offering. “Big Short” investor Michael Burry wrote earlier this month there was “nothing” in SpaceX’s IPO filing to suggest the company is worth $1 trillion, “let alone $2 trillion.” Jay Ritter, a finance professor at the University of Florida, told Forbes that SpaceX’s stock will likely be influenced by the “Elon Musk effect,” as broader hype surrounding its CEO will boost the IPO and then fuel long-term volatility.
everything elizabeth warren said in her letter about spacex’s ipo
“The massive size of the SpaceX IPO alone, under normal circumstances, would justify careful SEC review and attention to investor needs. But these are not normal circumstances: a number of additional factors exacerbate concerns and require action by the SEC to meet its investor protection and market integrity mandates by delaying the IPO.
“Before the company is allowed to go public, the SEC must investigate whether index funds and other financial entities involved in SpaceX’s IPO are adequately protecting investors, and the company must fill disclosure gaps related to valuation, ensure risks and details related to its concentrated governance structure are clear to investors, and abandon mandatory arbitration to provide shareholders whose rights are otherwise gutted in this structure a minimum avenue for recourse.
“[Market] analysts have raised concerns about the math underlying SpaceX’s target valuation, calling it ‘nonsensical,’ ‘smoke-and-mirrors accounting,’ and ‘truly out of this world.’
“Publicly traded companies are meant to be accountable to their shareholders. The SpaceX IPO will flip this model on its head, with shareholders providing billions of dollars in new capital with no accountability measures for Mr. Musk or company leadership, as the company ‘[combines] supervoting shares, mandatory arbitration, stricter rules on shareholder proposals and Texas corporate law to give control to SpaceX CEO Elon Musk and other insiders.’
“[The] SpaceX IPO creates a new concern: that major stock market indexes are being rigged in a way that would force millions of investors in passive index funds – a generally lower-cost investment option that can be attractive to retail investors – to invest in SpaceX and face exposure to SpaceX’s significant risks with no choice in the matter.”
what do we know about spacex’s finances?
SpaceX disclosed a net loss of $4.28 billion through its latest quarter after losing $4.94 billion in 2025. About 69% of the company’s quarterly revenue came from Starlink, which brought in $4.69 billion. SpaceX’s connectivity arm, which includes Starlink, is the only profitable part of the company after its space unit lost $619 million and its AI arm lost $2.5 billion. Capital expenditures totaled $10.1 billion in the quarter, more than doubling from the previous year, with a majority of spending ($7.7 billion) coming from AI. SpaceX spent just over $1 billion for its space business and $1.3 billion for its connectivity business. Last year, SpaceX spent $12.7 billion on AI, compared to $3.8 billion on space.
will musk immediately become a trillionaire?
Musk, who holds a 42% stake in SpaceX, will become a trillionaire at the company’s $135-per-share pricing, valuing his combined shares and options at $688 billion, according to Forbes’ estimates. Musk has ranked as the world’s richest person since May 2024, and his fortune is valued at $788 billion as of Wednesday.
big number
More than 4,400. That’s how many current and former SpaceX employees will likely become millionaires from the company’s debut, the New York Times reported, citing analysis from the investment platform Hill.com. About 400 of those are reportedly projected to earn $100 million or more.
spacex’s ipo could swell these fortunes
SpaceX president Gwynne Shotwell, who joined the company in 2002 and holds roughly 12 million shares, has an estimated stake worth $1.2 billion. That could increase to $1.6 billion, should SpaceX debut at $135 per share. SpaceX chief financial officer Bret Johnson’s stake, valued at $700 million, could make him a billionaire with a fortune estimated at $1.2 billion at the projected debut share price. Billionaire Valor Equity Partners founder Antonio Gracias, who holds more than 503 million SpaceX shares, could have his $4.8 billion net worth surge by nearly $68 billion. Board member Luke Nosek, a co-founder of PayPal and venture capital firms Founders Fund and Gigafund, was revealed to be a billionaire in SpaceX’s IPO filing. His estimated $2.7 billion stake, totaling nearly 33 million shares, could jump to $4.4 billion.
