Have you and your partner ever had a minor disagreement that, somehow, spiraled out of control? Maybe it started over something trivial, like a forgotten chore or a difference in opinion. But, before you knew it, the conversation turned heated, and suddenly, you were arguing about things much larger and more pressing than what you started with.
This, unfortunately, isn’t uncommon in relationships. What starts as a minor disagreement can snowball into a full-blown fight, often seemingly out of nowhere. For many couples, this escalation feels inevitable—small misunderstandings easily turn into bigger conflicts, fueled by rising tension and defensiveness. However, new psychological research has revealed a simple technique to stop this pattern in its tracks—so simple, in fact, that it only takes five seconds.
The Discovery Of The ‘5 Second Rule’
In an August 2024 study published in Communications Psychology, lead researcher Annah McCurry and her supervisors, Robert May and David Donaldson, set out to explore the dynamics that escalate couples’ arguments—and, more importantly, what can be done to prevent such escalations. To investigate this, the team conducted over 6,000 trials using a method designed to ethically study aggression.
The setup was simple: each couple competed in 30 rounds of a reaction-time game—face-to-face, while wearing headphones. The winner of each round was then given the opportunity to blast a loud, “noxious noise” into the loser’s headphones, at a volume of their choosing. As the researchers explained, this design allowed couples to exhibit aggressive behavior in a controlled, ethical environment. While it may sound extreme, it served as a way to measure aggression without causing real harm.
The catch, however, is that the timing of this opportunity was varied. In one group, couples could send the noise blast immediately after winning the game. In others, they were forced to wait—either five, 10 or 15 seconds—before sending the sound.
The results were striking. The researchers found that couples’ aggressive behavior—or, in the study’s case, how loudly they chose to blast the noise—was strongly influenced by both partners’ emotional states. When both individuals were agitated, aggression increased by an astonishing 86%. As the game progressed, the couples often matched each other’s aggression levels; the louder one partner went, the louder the other followed.
The caveat, however, is that when couples were forced to wait before acting—whether for five, 10 or 15 seconds—their aggressive responses decreased significantly. Most interestingly, the study found no meaningful difference between the different wait times. That is, the five-second pause was just as effective as the longer breaks. This suggests that even the briefest of pauses—a mere five seconds—can give couples enough time to cool down, think more clearly and prevent arguments from escalating further.
How To Implement The ‘5 Second Rule’
“It sounds obvious,” says lead author Annah McCurry in an interview with The Guardian, “but this is the first time anyone has experimentally demonstrated a reduction in aggression following enforced breaks. Forcing couples to have a five-second break was just as effective as a 10- or 15-second break, which shows even the briefest of pauses can help defuse an argument.”
And she’s right. While it may seem like a blatantly obvious solution, it’s one that’s easy to overlook: taking a time-out. It’s often dismissed as a trivial punishment for children, or as an easy cop-out for difficult conversations. But if all it takes is five seconds to reset the emotional tone during a disagreement, then it’s far from trivial. In truth, the simplicity of it may be the very reason it works so effectively. And, it’s exceptionally easy to implement:
- Inform your partner about the 5 Second Rule. Now that you’re equipped with this research, consider discussing the findings with your partner. Explain how even a short break can help prevent heated moments from getting out of hand, and how it may prove useful in your relationship.
- Set your terms. Discuss with your partner how the rule will work. How will you implement the rule? With a code-word, a signal, a countdown? How long will the break be? When will it be okay to call for a pause, and when is it important to keep the conversation going? Remember, the rule serves to cool down heated situations; it’s not a get-out-of-jail-free card for difficult conversations.
- Give it a try. The next time you sense tension rising, use your agreed-upon signal, and take five seconds before continuing the conversation. Whether it’s an argument about chores, a heated game of Mario Kart or a passionate debate that’s gone off track—those few seconds could be the difference between a small disagreement and a larger conflict.
While it may seem too simple to work, the science says otherwise. Five seconds may feel insignificant in the context of a lifelong relationship, but as you may well know, moments matter. Just as quickly as natural disasters can commence, arguments can escalate—and sometimes, all it takes is a few seconds of silence to make the difference.
Do you struggle to keep your cool during disagreements? Take this science-backed test to know how you stack up: Ineffective Arguing Inventory
