Security teams can easily quantify their work through common activity metrics, such as the number of vulnerabilities patched, alerts closed, emails scanned and employees trained. But a growing list of completed tasks doesn’t necessarily mean an organization is becoming more secure.
To demonstrate meaningful progress, cybersecurity leaders need metrics that show whether their efforts are actually reducing exposure to threats and limiting potential damage. Here, members of Forbes Technology Council share cybersecurity metrics that can help organizations assess whether their security efforts are making a meaningful difference.
Repeat Phishing Click Rates
Repeat click rate is an important metric. Most people learn fast; after one or two clicks, they stop falling for phishing sims or real attacks. Risk sits with the small group who fall for it every time; they are the ones an attacker actually finds and uses. Watch that group shrink over time, and you are watching real risk go down. – Flavius Plesu, OutThink
Exploitable Attack Paths To Critical Assets
Count the exploitable attack paths into your critical assets and trend that number. Vulnerability totals, alert volume and mean time to remediate measure activity. An attack path is a chain an adversary can actually walk: reachable, chainable and ending on something the business cares about. When paths close faster than new ones open, risk is going down. – Taylor Morgan, TekStream
Forbes Technology Council is an invitation-only community for world-class CIOs, CTOs and technology executives. Do I qualify?
Attacker Options For Compromising Critical Assets
The one metric that proves effectiveness is how many practical, low-cost options an attacker still has to compromise a crown-jewel asset using public, weaponized exploits. When that number drops, risk drops. Patches shipped, mean time to remediate, alerts closed and coverage measure defender activity, not attacker difficulty. If the easiest win remains, the team did more, but risk did not materially change. – Saeed Abbasi, Qualys
Time To Identify And Isolate Compromised Systems
Mean time to identify and isolate a compromised system is an important metric. Most cybersecurity metrics measure prevention: vulnerabilities patched, phishing emails blocked, employees trained on security awareness. But perfect prevention is impossible. An attacker will eventually get in. The question that determines whether a breach becomes a catastrophe is how long it takes for your organization to notice, understand what happened and contain the damage. – Kapil Bareja, Deloitte
Percentage Of Unmitigated Critical Vulnerabilities
The percentage of unmitigated critical vulnerabilities is one metric that can show a genuine reduction in cybersecurity risk. If this percentage consistently decreases over time, it indicates that the organization is reducing its exposure to significant threats, rather than simply increasing security activity. – Antonela Zubak, viahub
Percentage Of Releases With Verified SBOMs
Count releases shipped with a software bill of materials verified against the actual build, not just generated. When verified SBOMs rise as a share of releases, you’ve narrowed the distance between the claim-to-contents gap where past supply chain disasters have lived. Plus, verified evidence travels: Producers, buyers and regulators read the same proof, no source handoff needed, so fixes are fast instead of diplomatic. – Mario Vuksan, ReversingLabs
Number Of Systems Secure By Design
Focus on the intended risk outcomes. This should always be a reduction in the attack surface or a reduction in the aggregated blast radius. A simple way to track it: Count how many systems are secure by design—meaning they block everything by default and only allow what is needed. Patch counts and closed alerts show effort. This number only rises when you change how systems are built and what they are built on and risk is actually reduced. – Claude Mandy, Edera
Verified Identity Rates For High-Risk Access
Track how often high-risk identity moments are resolved through verified identity. Account recovery, password resets, device enrollment and privileged access should confirm the person is real and authorized, not just in possession of a credential. More verified resolutions, with fewer exceptions and reversals, show impersonation risk is going down. – Michael Engle, 1Kosmos
Number Of Ownerless Credentials
The metric I would watch is how many credentials in your environment have no owner—meaning service accounts, API keys and agent tokens with nobody’s name attached—because each one is a way into your systems that stays open indefinitely, and the count grows while the team closes alerts and ships patches. Driving that number down reduces exposure. – Michael Beygelman, Insygna
Percentage Of Vulnerabilities Violating Security Guardrails
I’d focus on vulnerabilities detected against defined security guardrails. A useful metric is the percentage of detected vulnerabilities that violate agreed thresholds for severity, exploitability or remediation time. This shifts the focus from how many issues the team finds to how often the organization operates outside its risk boundaries. If guardrail violations consistently decrease, it’s a stronger signal that security risk is actually going down. – Vasanth Mudavatu, Dell Technologies
Remediation Half-Life Of Critical Vulnerabilities
Track the remediation half-life for critical, exploitable vulnerabilities, with separate views for business-critical applications and third-party components. A declining half-life paired with a smaller backlog of year-old severe flaws shows that exposure is being reduced at a sustainable pace and security debt is no longer compounding. – Chris Wysopal, Veracode
High-Risk And Stale Access Levels
Look for reduction in high-risk or stale access over time. When excessive permissions, orphaned accounts and unnecessary privileged access decline, the organization is reducing real exposure—not just logging more security activity. It connects identity governance directly to measurable enterprise risk reduction. – Paul Zolfaghari, Saviynt
Number Of Critical Assets Exposed To Exploitation
I’d look at how much of our critical infrastructure is actually exposed to known, exploitable risks. It’s easy to look at the number of vulnerabilities fixed, alerts handled or security tickets closed and feel like we’re making progress. But those are activity metrics. If the number of critical assets with a realistic path to exploitation is coming down consistently, that’s a metric I can take to the board and say, “Yes, our risk is actually being reduced.” – Deepak Mittal, CloudKeeper
Percentage Of Fully Hardened Critical Assets
One powerful metric is the percentage of crown-jewel assets fully hardened. It tracks multifactor authentication, encryption and strict network segmentation across the highest-value systems, providing a clear signal of reduced exposure. I’d rather see 40% of crown-jewel assets fully hardened, climbing toward 90%, than 10,000 alerts triaged. One shows the business is less exposed. The other shows people were busy. – Nitesh Sinha, Sacumen
How Long Critical Vulnerabilities Remain Exposed
Track how long critical vulnerabilities remain exposed beyond your remediation target. That tells you more about risk than counting scans, alerts or closed tickets. Segment the metric by internet-facing and business-critical systems so the team can see whether the exposures with the greatest potential impact are actually shrinking. – Deniz Gezgin, Eightpoint
Potential Blast Radius Of Compromised Identities And Devices
Track blast radius, not activity. The clearest sign that cyber risk is falling is that a compromised identity or device can reach fewer critical systems, privileges and data than it could last quarter. That metric forces leaders to measure segmentation, least privilege and containment together. Security improves when one failure stays one failure instead of becoming an enterprise event. – Dr. Aditya Vikram Kashyap, Morgan Stanley
Time To Detect Novel Attacks
Track time-to-detection on novel attacks, not the volume of alerts blocked. In email security, for example, most metrics (emails scanned, rules triggered) just measure activity. What matters is how fast you catch the attack that’s never been seen before, since that’s the one bypassing legacy tools. If that number is shrinking, it shows that risk is actually going down, not just that workloads are going up. – Mike Britton, Abnormal AI
Time To Remediate Critical Risks
Focus on how quickly you’re able to reduce exposure: the time it takes to identify, prioritize and remediate critical risks before they become incidents. Activity metrics matter, but time-based response metrics allow you to assess whether and how your organization is shrinking the window of opportunity for attackers and improving resilience over time, which is fundamentally what matters in a crisis. – Dr. TJ Jiang, AvePoint
Defended Attack-Path Coverage
Track defended attack-path coverage. Map the likely MITRE ATT&CK paths to crown-jewel assets, then verify telemetry, D3FEND-mapped controls, and tested detect-and-respond response for each path. Preventive blocking where possible, visibility with reliable detection where not, and rehearsed SOC and IR team response to contain the threat drive material risk reduction. – David Etue, Cyberbit